NGUYỄN TƯỜNG THỤY / Blog RFA
Nếu tiết lộ thì không có lợi cho anh (chị)
Những người hoạt động xã hội dân sự (XHDS) rất lưu ý đến hành vi của mình sao cho luôn nằm trong phạm vi pháp luật cho phép. Tuy nhiên, không phạm luật là một chuyện, còn bị bắt là chuyện khác. Không phải cứ bị bắt là phạm tội. Cái chế độ này nó như thế.
Mặc dù phù hợp với pháp luật nhưng những hoạt động XHDS làm cho giới cầm quyền khó chịu. Họ khó chịu vì những hoạt động ấy gây khó khăn cho việc cai trị của họ theo kiểu của họ chứ không theo pháp luật. Để đối phó với việc này, nhà cầm quyền thường có 2 cách xử lý: một là đàn áp, hai là răn đe. Việc mời, triệu tập hay đến nhà là thực hiện biện pháp thứ hai. Biện pháp này nhiều khi được thực hiện bằng cưỡng bức.
Thường là sau khi làm việc với an ninh, anh em chia sẻ lên mạng xã hội để vạch ra những sai trái của an ninh (AN) hoặc để tham khảo ý kiến của cộng đồng. Nhưng có những trường hợp AN thỏa thuận giữ kín nội dung làm việc và không quên đe nếu để lộ ra thì không có lợi cho anh (chị).
Gia đình tù nhân lương tâm (TNLT) cũng vậy, khi gặp an ninh điều tra cũng có khi được dặn rằng không tiết lộ với ai việc này việc khác, điều đó sẽ có lợi cho chồng, con mình.
Tại sao phải lại giữ kín?
Khi giải quyết vấn đề theo con đường thỏa thuận cần lưu ý không phải lúc nào cũng đem lại điều tốt. Nhiều người bị thiệt hại về những điều thỏa thuận do thiếu hiểu biết hoặc không đánh giá đúng đối tượng (như ký nhầm với kẻ hay lật lọng chẳng hạn)
Theo kinh nghiệm của nhiều người thì không nên giữ kín nội dung làm viêc với an ninh. Vì sao?
– Thứ nhất là khi làm việc với AN thì đó việc giữa đại diện cầm quyền và công dân. Vì vậy, cần căn cứ vào pháp luật để làm việc. “Sống và làm việc theo pháp luật” là khẩu hiệu họ thường rêu rao nhưng khi hô hào như vậy, họ chỉ hướng về người dân, kêu gọi người dân chứ với họ thì không. Vì vậy khi người dân đòi hỏi tôn trọng pháp luật, đòi cơ sở pháp luật cũng gây ra khó cho họ vì họ quen xài luật rừng. Nội dung làm việc cũng thể hiện lối làm việc áp đặt nên giữ kín tức là che đậy cho sai trái của họ.
Ngược lại, “đối tượng” của họ, tức là những người hoạt động hợp pháp, gia đình TNLT không vi phạm gì, chỉ làm những điều nhà cầm quyền không muốn nên không việc gì phải giữ kín theo ý họ. Nếu giấu giếm tức là đánh đồng những hành vi xâm phạm pháp luật và những hành vi hợp pháp.
Có thể nói, nếu công khai tất cả thì sự thiệt hại chỉ ở phía nhà cầm quyền, ở đây trực tiếp là an ninh, còn phía “đối tượng” của họ không có gì để mất. Điều này giải thích tại sao, nhà cầm quyền nói chung và công an nói riêng rất sợ bị quay phim, chụp ảnh, còn chúng ta thì không.
Cần biết, những người làm việc với chúng ta nhân danh chính quyền nhưng thực tế họ đều lồng ý chí cá nhân của họ khi làm việc. Vì vậy, trước mắt chúng ta chẳng có ông đảng, ông chế độ nào cả, kể cả mấy ông bà lãnh đạo cao nhất nước. Chỉ có pháp luật là thể hiện ý chí của nhà nước (cho dù chỉ để cho đẹp) nên khi không làm gì được nhà nước này thì ta cứ phải dựa vào pháp luật của họ chứ không theo một cá nhân nào hết. Cần tận dụng pháp luật một cách triệt để. Chỉ cần hỏi dựa trên cơ sở nào là họ đã cứng họng rồi.
– Thứ hai là nội dung làm việc với công an không phải là bí mật quốc gia. Khi người dân bình thường cũng biết thì sao gọi là bí mật quốc gia. Vậy chuyện yêu cầu giữ kín chỉ mang một ý đồ cá nhân không tốt. Làm việc mà thì thì thụt thụt rõ ràng là có mưu đồ xấu. Không nên đồng lõa tiếp tay cho họ làm những việc trong bóng tối. Nếu nghe theo họ chỉ đem lại những điều không tốt, trước hết là cho mình, sau đó là tiếp tay cho lối làm việc tùy tiện.
– Thứ ba là gia đình TNLT lo cho chồng con mình điều đó là đương nhiên. Nhưng lo thế nào để tốt cho chồng con mình lại là chuyện khác. Chồng con đã bị bắt rồi còn gì nữa để mà sợ. Không phải “biết điều” thì chồng con mình được nhẹ án, điều đó thật mơ hồ nhưng người dân thường nhẹ dạ cả tin nên vẫn cứ có chuyện an ninh điều tra, viện kiểm sát dặn thế nào nghe vậy, sợ trái ý họ.
Tùy mỗi người lựa chọn nhưng theo kinh nghiệm từ nhiều người, cứ theo pháp luật mà làm, cứ công khai là tốt nhất, không việc gì phải thì thụt với họ.
Thực tế có người nghe theo và người bỏ ngoài tai thì nhiều hơn. Họ cứ công khai kể cho báo chí hoặc đưa thông tin lên mạng. Đó là cách tốt nhất để bảo vệ mình.
Khi gia đình TNLT làm việc với luật sư (LS)
Nhân đây nói thêm về chuyện gia đình tù nhân lương tâm làm việc với LS. Khi chồng con bị bắt, việc đầu tiên gia đình nghĩ đến là thuê LS. Khi ký hợp đồng với ls rồi thì thường phó mặc chồng con mình cho LS, LS nói gì cũng theo, dặn không được nói cũng nghe. Trong khi đó, không phải LS nào cũng giỏi chuyên môn và có nhiều kinh nghiệm. Có LS còn nhầm lẫn giữa chức năng báo chí (truyền thông) với chức năng tư pháp. LS cũng có thể đầy toan tính cá nhân. Không phải LS nào cũng can đảm vạch ra tất cả sự thật để bảo vệ thân chủ. Khi đã toan tính cá nhân thì họ phải dung hòa giữa được việc cho thân chủ và an toàn (quá mức) cho bản thân. Và vì vậy, việc bảo vệ thân chủ và nhất là bảo vệ cho công lý và lẽ phải trong các vụ án chính trị sẽ bị hạn chế đi nhiều.
Có lần mọi người hỏi gia đình về thông tin phiên tòa thì LS nhắc “cần gì thì hỏi LS”, tức là LS giành cho mình quyền phát ngôn duy nhất. Có LS không dám đi cùng với người hoạt động XHDS, sợ an ninh… trông thấy. Có LS khuyên thân chủ nhận tội để được khoan hồng hoặc khuyên từ chối LS này, LS khác v.v..
Vì vậy, ngoài tư vấn của LS, gia đình nên tham khảo thêm ý kiến từ người khác để quyết định, chứ không nên răm rắp nghe theo. Tôi cũng đã từng được gia đình tham khảo ý kiến khi LS tư vấn và họ chấp nhận ý kiến của tôi. Ngược lại có gia đình kể rất chi tiết về những chuyện xảy ra đối với thân nhân nhưng khi tôi ngỏ ý viết lên công luận thì từ chối.
Tôi lấy làm lạ là gần đây, kết luận điều tra hay cáo trạng của viện kiểm sát rất ít được công khai. Trong khi cáo trạng là một tài liệu rất cần để công luận vạch mặt các cơ quan tư pháp.
Cáo trạng chắc chắn LS phải có và phải được công khai. Cáo trạng mà bí mật thì ai biết bị cáo phạm tội như thế nào, ai biết các cơ quan tư pháp chụp tội bị cáo như thế nào? Các gia đình nên yêu cầu có được cáo trạng để đưa lên công luận.
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When that occurs, not solely do you lose your preliminary $5,000 investment, you end up owing the broker money.
A former companion of the Doctor, Victoria feels alone and stranded within the 20th century.
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