CPJ
For the second year in a row, the number of journalists imprisoned for their work hit a historical high, as the U.S. and other Western powers failed to pressure the world’s worst jailers–Turkey, China, and Egypt–into improving the bleak climate for press freedom. A CPJ special report by Elana Beiser
Published December 13, 2017
The number of journalists imprisoned worldwide hit another new record in 2017, and for the second consecutive year more than half of those jailed for their work are behind bars in Turkey, China, and Egypt. The pattern reflects a dismal failure by the international community to address a global crisis in freedom of the press.
Far from isolating repressive countries for their authoritarian behavior, the United States, in particular, has cozied up to strongmen such as Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Chinese President Xi Jinping. At the same time, President Donald Trump’s nationalistic rhetoric, fixation on Islamic extremism, and insistence on labeling critical media “fake news” serves to reinforce the framework of accusations and legal charges that allow such leaders to preside over the jailing of journalists. Globally, nearly three-quarters of journalists are jailed on anti-state charges, many under broad and vague terror laws, while the number imprisoned on a charge of “false news,” though modest, rose to a record 21.
In its annual prison census, CPJ found 262 journalists behind bars around the world in relation to their work, a new record after a historical high of 259 last year. The worst three jailers are responsible for jailing 134–or 51 percent–of the total. CPJ has been conducting an annual survey of journalists in jail since the early 1990s.
Despite releasing some journalists in 2017, Turkey remains the world’s worst jailer for the second consecutive year, with 73 journalists behind bars, compared with 81 last year. Dozens more still face trial, and fresh arrests take place regularly. In several other cases in Turkey, CPJ was unable to establish a link to journalism. Other press freedom groups using a different methodology have higher numbers. Every journalist CPJ found jailed for their work in Turkey is under investigation for, or charged with, anti-state crimes, as was true of last year’s census.
The crackdown on the Turkish press that began in early 2016 and accelerated after a failed coup attempt that July–which the government blamed on an alleged terrorist organization led by exiled cleric Fethullah Gülen–continued apace in 2017. Authorities accused some journalists of terrorist activity based solely on their alleged use of a messaging app, Bylock, or bank accounts at allegedly Gülenist institutions.
Because Erdoğan’s ruling AKP party was until recent years aligned with Gülen’s movement, the crackdown sometimes led to patently absurd circumstances. For example, prominent journalist Ahmet Şık was acquitted of terrorism charges in April after a six-year trial in which the defendants said they were victims of police and judicial officials linked to Gülen. Şık remained in jail, however, on fresh terror charges for allegedly being linked to Gülen, and many of the police officers, prosecutors, and judges who brought the original case found themselves accused of terror activity. Şık pointed out the contradiction in a lengthy statement to the court in July, saying, “In Turkey, some members of the judiciary have become the gravediggers of justice.”
Other cases blatantly demonstrated Turkish authorities’ brutal censorship tactics. On March 31, an Istanbul court ordered the release pending trial of at least 19 journalists jailed in the aftermath of the coup attempt, but the prosecutor appealedand the journalists were re-arrested before they left the jail. The judges who ordered their release were suspended.
Erdoğan’s government appeared to pay little price for its repressive tactics. In April, he narrowly won a referendum–amid procedural objections by the opposition that went unheeded–that will abolish the country’s parliamentary system and grant him sweeping powers. On the international stage, German officials including Chancellor Angela Merkel have repeatedly called for the release of Turkish-German journalist Deniz Yücel, who works for the German newspaper Die Welt and who has been held without charge since February 14. But the NATO allies are bound by Turkey’s role in harboring Syrian refugees and other cooperation agreements. Trump, meanwhile, hosted Erdoğan at the White House in May and more recently praised him as a friend.
Also enjoying global standing is President Xi. In China, the number of journalists behind bars rose to 41 from 38 a year earlier. On a visit to Beijing in November, Trump made no public reference to human rights, despite an ongoing crackdown that has led to the arrests of Chinese journalists, activists, and lawyers. With tensions high between the U.S. and China’s neighbor North Korea, and Trump keen to renegotiate the trade balance with Beijing, “Trump seemed to signal a reversal of roles: the United States may now need China’s help more than the other way around,” The New York Times wrote.
The visit came shortly after Xi tightened his grip on power at the Communist Party Congress, where his name was written into the Constitution and no successor was identified. According to news reports, analysts don’t expect improvement in human rights.
Presidents Xi Jinping and Donald Trump take part in a welcoming ceremony during a visit to Beijing in November 2017. China is jailing 41 journalists. (Reuters/Damir Sagolj)
Meanwhile, Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo died of liver cancer in July in a Chinese hospital, after receiving medical parole from prison a month earlier, casting doubt on whether he received proper care in custody. China refused Liu’s request to go overseas for treatment once he was released. The writer Yang Tongyan died in November under similar circumstances, shortly after release on medical parole with a serious brain tumor. Jailed in precarious health is Huang Qi, who has kidney disease and his lawyer told CPJ that authorities had halted his special diet and medical treatment.
More than half of the journalists imprisoned in Egypt, where the number in jail fell to 20 from 25 last year, are also in poor health. Among them is photographer Mahmoud Abou Zeid, known as Shawkan, who was arrested covering a violent dispersal of protesters by Egyptian security forces and has been in pretrial detention for more than four years. He and his 738 co-accused are charged with possessing weapons, illegal assembly, attempted murder, and murder, according to CPJ research. Shawkan is anemic and needs blood transfusions, but has been denied hospital care, according to his family. Of the 20 journalists in Egyptian jails, 12 have not been convicted or sentenced for any crime.
The prolonged imprisonment of Egyptian journalists comes as President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi battles deadly extremism and high unemployment in the country, and as Cairo and Washington cooperate closely on security. Soon after el-Sisi met Trump at the White House in April, his government passed a draconian anti-terrorism law that furthered its crackdown on the press by, among other things, enabling authorities to put journalists acquitted of terrorism-related charges on a terror watch list that restricts their financial and other rights, according to news reports.
A protester holds a sign calling for the release of Mahmoud Abou Zeid, also known as Shawkan. Egypt is still detaining the photojournalist, who was arrested in 2013. (AP/Amr Nabil)
In Egypt and China, like Turkey, by far the most common type of charge against journalists is anti-state. Globally, 194 journalists, or 74 percent, are imprisoned on anti-state charges. Worldwide, CPJ has found that governments use broad and vaguely worded terror laws to intimidate critical journalists into silence. Legal provisions often conflate coverage of terrorist activity with condoning it.
Thirty-five journalists worldwide were jailed without any publicly disclosed charge. Lack of due process in some countries results in such a dearth of information that it’s nearly impossible for CPJ to determine what landed a journalist in jail, whether they have any health problems, and sometimes even whether they are alive. In places such as Eritrea and Syria, journalists who were last known to be in government custody have not been seen or heard from in years. All seven journalists in Syrian government jails have been there for at least four years, amid unconfirmed rumors of torture or execution. CPJ continues to list the journalists on the census to hold the government accountable for their whereabouts and well-being.
A change of government, however, may lead CPJ to reclassify a journalist’s status. In Gambia, where long-serving leader Yahya Jammeh was ousted in December 2016, the government of President Adama Barrow has expressed interest in determining what happened to reporter Chief Ebrima Manneh, who was arrested in 2006 but had not been seen since at least 2008. Jammeh and officials in his government made vague and contradictory statements about the journalist’s status over the years. In keeping with the family’s expectations, CPJ this year moved Manneh off the imprisoned census and on to its list of journalists killed in relation to their work.
Other findings from CPJ’s prison census include:
- Ninety-seven percent of jailed journalists are local.
- Of the total imprisoned worldwide, 22—or 8 percent—are female journalists.
- Freelancers account for 75 cases–or 29 percent.
- Politics is by far the most dangerous beat, covered by 87 percent of those jailed. Many journalists cover more than one beat.
- Countries appearing on the census for the first time in at least 12 months are Algeria, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Iraq, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Republic of Congo, Somalia, Uganda, and Ukraine.
The prison census accounts only for journalists in government custody and does not include those who have disappeared or are held captive by non-state groups, such as several Yemeni journalists CPJ believes to be held by the Ansar Allah movement, known as the Houthis. These cases are classified as “missing” or “abducted.”
CPJ defines journalists as people who cover the news or comment on public affairs in media, including print, photographs, radio, television, and online. In its annual prison census, CPJ includes only those journalists who it has confirmed have been imprisoned in relation to their work.
CPJ believes that journalists should not be imprisoned for doing their jobs. In the past year, CPJ advocacy contributed to the early release of at least 67 imprisoned journalists worldwide.
CPJ’s list is a snapshot of those incarcerated at 12:01 a.m. on December 1, 2017. It does not include the many journalists imprisoned and released throughout the year; accounts of those cases can be found at https://cpj.org. Journalists remain on CPJ’s list until the organization determines with reasonable certainty that they have been released or have died in custody.
Elana Beiser is editorial director of the Committee to Protect Journalists. She previously worked as an editor for Dow Jones Newswires and The Wall Street Journal in New York, London, Brussels, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
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Additionally, as you move through each repetition of the
train, your arms must remain barely flexed all through the entire range of motion to keep up tension on the biceps.
Keep your back flat all through the motion, and pull the bar up in the course of your chest
whereas squeezing your shoulder blades collectively.
To perform this train, begin by standing with your ft hip-width aside and holding a barbell
in front of you with an overhand grip.
If you purpose to have 3-dimensional shoulders, then increase your rear delt is something you want to
emphasize. One Other major muscle group that the cable row works are the traps,
also referred to as the trapezius. The trapezius is a quite giant superficial
muscle on the upper back that is similar to a trapezoid. Since the traps are liable for scapular retraction, it’s
closely worked by the cable row. It’s necessary
to notice that there are three areas of the trap – higher, center, and lower
fibers – each one performs a different motion.
The seated machine row is an excellent train for strengthening the again muscles.
I even have found the Seated machine again row to be one of the dependable exercises for exactly targeting your again muscular tissues.
Experts are going to solely be limited by their imaginations with
the almost infinite variations this train is capable of.
This model of the low row requires you to make use
of a barbell loaded with weight plates on each finish.
Keeping your back straight and core engaged throughout the movement,
bend at the waist until your torso is almost parallel to the floor.
Performing the movement utilizing an underhand grip is the easiest version of the three as a outcome of the reality that
bicep recruitment is maximized when using this system. Using all
the same techniques only whereas utilizing a narrow/neutral hand grip will draw
more recruitment from the biceps. So, if you wish to develop your again absolutely, you want to
prepare it from a number of angles. In different words, for a back that’s thick AND broad, you have to embrace rows and pulldowns/pull-ups in your exercises.
Your again should be straight and upright for this motion in a neutral place.
Moreover, both muscle groups contribute to improved posture by helping
maintain your spine aligned properly all through the exercise.
Moreover, improved posture helps reduce pressure on other parts of the
physique such as the neck and shoulders which could be caused by poor postural habits or extended sitting in a single place.
Right Here are some of our training packages that feature the barbell row.
Unlike Seated Cable Rows, which require a cable machine,
Inverted Rows can be carried out utilizing quite so much of gear and in quite a
lot of settings. This makes them a extra versatile train that can be done within the fitness
center, at house, or outdoors. This movement may be done the same means because the regular seated cable row,
however this time your non-moving hand must be by your facet.
This train requires the user to sit on a bench and grip a cable bar with an underhand grip.
When performing this exercise, the user should pull the cable bar in the path of their
chest, squeezing the posterior deltoids
within the course of. The Seated Underhand Cable Row train could be useful for rising energy and
measurement of the posterior deltoids, serving to to enhance general shoulder stability and strength.
Sit down on a low pulley cable row machine and position your
ft on the crossbar or entrance platform offered, preserving your knees bent
barely. Lean over backward and hold the V-bar handles using a neutral grip, while sustaining the natural alignment of your again.
Extend your arms and pull again until the torso is perpendicular together with your legs
so that the lats are stretched as you seize the V-bar in front of you.
Whereas respiration out, pull the V-handles in path of your physique until your arms touch the abs.
Cable rows can be used to construct strength and measurement in your back muscular tissues in addition to improve posture.
Lastly, there are a quantity of smaller stabilizing
muscle tissue which also get worked throughout cable rows.
Posterior deltoids, which help us with extending
our arms outwards from our bodies.
If nothing else, switching to an underhand grip will allow you to do
extra reps or carry a little extra weight than ordinary.
Reverse and overhand grip rows are so related that they are interchangeable.
The only actual distinction is the amount of biceps engagement, with the reverse grip placing your
biceps in a stronger position. This is excellent news
for anyone who does body weight or resistance band coaching, the place high reps are the norm.
Nonetheless, high reps are less useful for constructing energy, the place heavy weights (85%+ of your one-repetition maximum) are best.
Another distinctive excessive row different
is mostly a excessive row variation.
Folks that go too heavy on this exercise and fail to make use of a
full range of motion additionally are most likely
to expertise suboptimal latissimus dorsi stimulation. Sit on the rowing machine’s bench going through the pulley so
that you can comfortably reach the V-bar deal with.
Your knees will likely be bent at this place,
and your lower legs shall be at forty five degrees. In this text, we dive deep into the seated cable row to
maximise your outcomes. You’ll learn about the right coaching method,
muscles worked, common mistakes, benefits, and its greatest
variations and alternate options. This could cause ache, lack of power, and restrict
your vary of movement.
If you could have ever seen it referred to as a Hammer Power high row
and puzzled why here’s why. Hammer Energy is among the premier power and conditioning companies that
produce wonderful equipment for machine workout routines.
They are particularly well-known for his or her row machines as they have a big
variety, including the high row. Yes, the exercise is a protected way
to build energy and muscle within the again and arms. The t-bar row is kind
of a extra secure model of the barbell row, but
it nonetheless requires extra core activity and static work for your
legs than the cable row variants. The rear delts work as stabilizer muscle tissue, guaranteeing correct scapular retraction and enhancing shoulder health.
Whereas the Seated Cable Row primarily targets your
again muscles, it also engages your shoulders to some degree,
significantly the posterior deltoids.
Developed lats can add width to your body and provide the coveted cobra again. A V-taper can improve your physique’s aesthetics by
making your shoulders look wider and your waist tighter.
The rhomboid muscle allows your arms to work with your chest, again, and torso,
Logan explains. Particularly, it might possibly pull your
shoulder blades up and in in course of your backbone, allow them to
rotate, and keep them pulled in tight in opposition to the
back of your rib cage. “A movement the rhomboid muscle tissue are primarily used for is pulling your arms and shoulders backward (retraction),”
Gallucci says. Face pulls goal your complete higher back, i.e., the mid-traps, rhomboids, AND
posterior deltoids. They’re a superb postural exercise and one that
might add some thickness to your upper back muscle tissue.
Now, i’m NO skilled, and it might simply be a placebo have an result on, so appropriate me if I’m mistaken. One of the
first decisions to make if you set out to carry out a standing cable row is which grip you must use.
With so many grips available to use at a cable machine, it
can be overwhelming, so here’s a fast rundown of your choices.
Are you bored with the same old shoulder exercises that only work the entrance and facet of your
shoulders? It’s time to modify things up and target the
often-neglected rear deltoids with the rear delt row.
Provoke the motion by pulling your shoulder blades collectively, making
certain that the emphasis is on the again muscular tissues.
This strategy is significant for long-term growth of muscle cells and general higher
physique energy. Focus on using a lighter weight stack that allows you to perform the train with proper
technique, making certain most muscle activation. Before performing any rowing movement, make certain to set your scapula correctly.
This simple adjustment ensures greater activation of
your back muscles, making your rowing workouts simpler.
Attempt this technique, and you must discover an instantaneous improvement.
It’s not just about aesthetics; the brief head
of the biceps is important for numerous arm and higher body actions.
As with any exercise, although, you have to use correct kind if you would like to reap the benefits.
Pay shut consideration to form and feel the actions
and activations of your muscle tissue. Instead of having
to quickly change plates you simply pull the pin out,
select the subsequent weight then go. The levels of a seated row contain arrange, the
pull, and the release. Here are some ways to change your cable row
to hit completely different muscular tissues.
Heather Jacques is a former collegiate athlete that graduated from Grand Valley State College with a Bachelor of Science in Athletic Coaching.
However if you are consistent, you won’t need the cables for much longer.
The Resistance Band Chest Press is a great complementary
exercise to the Seated Underhand Cable Row. It works
the opposing muscle group of the chest and shoulders while the Seated Underhand Cable Row works the again and
biceps. Resistance Band Chest Press helps to stability out the muscular tissues and ensure a whole upper body exercise.
Once you’ve gotten all the way in which down, give
your lats a squeeze whereas maintaining an upright posture.
The seated cable row is a full-body motion, also counting
on glute and core activation in order to preserve stability and an upright posture.
Of course, when it comes to these secondarily
engaged muscle teams, you’re going to need to make an effort to activate them to
their fullest potential. You can absolutely coast by way of this exercise without
activating your glutes, however your kind (and gains) will undergo over the long run. Unlike many other compound again workout routines, such
as the barbell row and deadlift, the seated cable row doesn’t place much load on your spine when performed correctly.
The bulk of the muscle work gets carried out when you pull again on the shoulders.
1) The first thing you’ll have to do is modify the seat
height, thigh pads, and chest pad. In comparability
with other again workout routines such as the Bent Over
Row the Cable Row locations a lot less strain on the lower back.
Sign up to be a part of our publication to receive
the newest news including unique discounts. Brett Williams,
NASM-CPT, PES, a senior editor at Males’s Health, is a certified coach and former pro soccer participant and tech reporter.
You can discover his work elsewhere at Mashable, Thrillist, and other shops.
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To carry out this exercise, begin by standing with your feet shoulder-width aside and holding two dumbbells in every
hand. Strengthening these muscular tissues won’t only improve
the range of movement but also cut back the danger of injury due to overuse or instability
in this space. The straight arm pulldown is an excellent exercise for rising shoulder mobility and stability.
These giant muscle tissue run from the lower again to the
higher arms and play an important position in shoulder extension and abduction.
So let’s dive in and learn all about straight arm pulldowns and what muscles are worked.
When accomplished correctly, one ought to really feel an even rigidity
throughout this space of the back in addition to some contraction in these smaller muscles together with
these bigger ones similar to lats and traps.
So lengthy as you embody a few completely different rowing exercises in your back workout,
you want to get the outcomes you want. The motion with probably the most comparable motion is
the kneeling excessive cable row. To do that movement, you’ll want to set the cable
at a excessive position and then kneel on the bottom
several feet away for the pulley. At this place, you’ll have the ability to mimic the movement pattern fairly nicely.
The lats are the large muscle tissue that run down the complete facet of your body.
The machine has certain advantages over free-weights because it allows you to work in opposition to
the same amount of resistance whereas participating the muscular tissues evenly.
Your trapezius muscles alongside the back of your neck, shoulders, and higher again are also concerned in seated
cable rows. This move also works the forearm and higher arm muscle tissue,
because the biceps and triceps are dynamic stabilizers for this exercise.
Different stabilizing muscular tissues that come into play are the hamstrings and gluteus maximus.
Performing cable rows whereas seated on a bench eliminates the
role of stabilizer muscle tissue to a fantastic extent, allowing you to focus on your lats.
The seated cable row is a godsend for people who can’t feel their lats have
interaction whereas performing free weight workout routines just like the dumbbell or barbell rows.
The primary muscle tissue worked during a chest supported row include the latissimus
dorsi (lats), rhomboids, trapezius (traps), rear deltoids (shoulders) and biceps brachii (biceps).
Your objective for doing the exercise ought to information the number of reps you do within the cable close
grip row. The continuous rigidity provided by the cable setup maximizes muscle progress,
whereas the flexibility of grip attachments permits you to
goal totally different muscle groups. Guys, the Seated Cable Row ought to absolutely be a half of your higher body
exercises, however provided that you’re doing it proper.
Incorporate different grip attachments, emphasize scapular retraction, and keep a
full vary of movement to enhance muscle growth and total strength.
Incorporate Cable Row alternate options like 1-Arm Cable Rows or Rope Cable Row variations to target stabilizer muscular
tissues and secondary muscle teams. This not only reduces the effectiveness of the train but in addition puts pointless strain on your higher again muscles and may lead
to a nagging damage.
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