Ba kinh tế gia người Mỹ được trao giải Nobel kinh tế 2024, hai trong số đó là tác giả của cuốn sách “Tại sao các quốc gia thất bại” được Nhà xuất bản trẻ phát hành bản tiếng Việt năm 2013 và đã có 9 lần tái bản nhưng hiện nay không còn được tái bản nữa.
Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Hoàng gia Thụy Điển hôm 15/10 công bố giải Nobel trong lĩnh vực kinh tế cho ba người là Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson và Simon Johnson.
Đây là thành quả của nỗ lực nghiên cứu về vai trò của thế chế chính trị đối với sự thịnh vượng của các quốc gia trên thế giới, cụ thể là những quốc gia cựu thuộc địa.
Chế độ chính trị, tượng tôn pháp luật, tham nhũng được cho là những yếu tố chính ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển của các quốc gia.
Nghiên cứu trên được trình bày trong cuốn sách Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, do hai kinh tế gia Daron Acemoglu và James A. Robinson đồng tác giả.
Cuốn sách này đã được dịch ra tiếng Việt với tựa đề “Tại sao các quốc gia thất bại: Nguồn gốc của quyền lực, thịnh vượng và nghèo đói”.
Tìm hiểu trên trang web của Nhà xuất bản Trẻ cho thấy người biên dịch cuốn sách là bà Trần Thị Kim Chi, tiến sĩ Vũ Thành Tự Anh hiệu đính, cuốn sách được tái bản lần thứ 9 năm 2021.
Chúng tôi liên hệ với Gian hàng của Nhà xuất bản trẻ tại đường sách TPHCM để hỏi mua cuốn sách nêu trên, tuy nhiên nhân viên cho biết không còn sách này nữa và “cũng có nhiều khách hỏi để mua” nhưng không có hàng để bán.
Nhà sách Fahasa cũng cho biết đã “tạm thời hết hàng” và không rõ khi nào có lại.
Phóng viên gọi đến trụ sở chính của Nhà xuất bản trẻ tại TPHCM để hỏi về cuốn sách, một người trực điện thoại cho hay:
“Cái cuốn (sách) đó bên NXB Trẻ đã ngưng tái bản lâu lắm rồi. Bây giờ chỗ nào còn thì chỉ có các hàng sách cũ thôi chứ còn hàng ở trên thị trường đã đứt lâu rồi, mình chưa có kế hoạch tái bản trở lại cũng đã mấy năm rồi.
Cuốn sách đó hình như cũng là sách dịch nên chuyện mua tác quyền chưa có bàn bạc lại nên cuốn sách đó hết tác quyền đã khá lâu nên khả năng sẽ không làm nữa.”
Ảnh chụp màn hình giới thiệu cuốn sách của NXB Trẻ
Tamoxifen
Uses
Tamoxifen is used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in women who are postmenopausal.
It may also be used for males with hormone receptor-positive
prostate cancer.
Side Effects
Common side effects include hot flashes, bone pain, fatigue, headache,
and stomach upset. Rarely, it can cause more serious issues like liver problems or
fluid retention.
Interactions
Tamoxifen can interact with other medications such as
warfarin, aspirin, other blood thinners, and drugs that affect
heart function. Always inform your doctor of all medications you are taking.
Pictures
Tamoxifen is typically taken as a tablet. The medication comes in doses of 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg.
Follow the prescribed dosage carefully, usually once daily with food or on an empty
stomach.
Warnings
Never stop taking Tamoxifen without consulting your healthcare provider.
Abruptly stopping can lead to severe side effects.
Inform all healthcare providers you are using this medication.
Dosing
The typical dose for breast cancer is 20-40 mg
once daily, adjusted based on response and tolerability.
For prostate cancer, the dose may vary depending on individual health
and disease progression. Always follow your doctor’s instructions
regarding dosage adjustments.
# Tamoxifen – Uses, Side Effects, and More
## Uses
Tamoxifen is a medication commonly prescribed to treat
certain types of breast cancer in women who are postmenopausal or in men with breast
cancer. It may also be used for other conditions, such as metastatic breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, and possibly for uterine
or endometrial cancers. Your healthcare provider will determine if it’s
the right treatment for you based on your health condition and medical
history.
## What is tamoxifen used for?
Tamoxifen is primarily used to inhibit the growth of estrogen receptors in cancer
cells, thereby slowing down the progression of the disease.
It’s also sometimes prescribed off-label for conditions like high cholesterol or hyperlipidemia due to its effects on lipid metabolism.
However, always consult your doctor before using it for other purposes.
## How does tamoxifen work (mechanism of action)?
Tamoxifen works by blocking estrogen receptors present
in cancer cells, which prevents the growth and spread of the disease.
It can also affect enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, which is why it’s sometimes used to manage high triglyceride or cholesterol levels.
## How is tamoxifen supplied (dosage forms)?
Tamoxifen is typically available as a tablet
or capsule. The dosage varies depending on the condition being treated and the patient’s health status.
Common dosages range from 10 mg to 20 mg daily, taken with
food to enhance absorption. Always follow your healthcare provider’s
instructions regarding dosage and frequency.
## How should I store tamoxifen?
Store tamoxifen at room temperature (between 68°F and 77°F or 20°C and 25°C) in a secure location,
away from children. Keep the medication bottle tightly closed to
prevent contamination or accidental ingestion. Do not freeze it unless absolutely necessary.
## Side Effects
### Common side effects of tamoxifen
– Hot flashes
– Nausea or vomiting
– Constipation
– Fatigue
– Dizziness or headache
– Swelling in hands or feet
– Loss of appetite
### What are the serious side effects of tamoxifen?
– Severe allergic reactions (rash, hives, itching)
– Blood clots (e.g., deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism)
– Liver problems (yellowing of skin or eyes, abdominal pain)
– Irregular menstrual periods or menopausal symptoms
– Increased risk of endometrial cancer
## Warnings & Precautions
### Who should not use tamoxifen?
– Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
– Individuals with a history of blood clots or disorders (e.g., thrombophilia)
– People with liver disease or kidney failure
– Those allergic to tamoxifen or its ingredients
### What should I know about tamoxifen before using it?
Tamoxifen can have serious side effects, especially in certain populations.
Inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of heart, liver,
or kidney conditions, or if you’re taking other medications or
supplements.
### What should I tell my healthcare provider before using
tamoxifen?
– Any prior medical conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes)
– Allergies (especially to estrogen-containing contraceptives or other
drugs)
– History of clotting disorders or bleeding tendencies
– Current medications, vitamins, or supplements
## Interactions
### Does tamoxifen interact with foods or drinks?
Tamoxifen’s effectiveness can be influenced by certain foods
and drinks. For example, grapefruit juice may increase the risk of side
effects due to its ability to inhibit the enzyme responsible for tamoxifen metabolism.
Avoid excessive consumption unless your doctor advises otherwise.
### Does tamoxifen interact with other medicines (drug interactions)?
Tamoxifen can interact with several medications, including:
– Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
– Cholesterol-lowering drugs (e.g., statins)
– Birth control pills or patches
– Other hormone therapies or cancer treatments
Always inform your doctor if you’re taking other medications before starting tamoxifen to prevent interactions and ensure safe treatment.
## Overdose/Missed Dose
### What should I do if I accidentally use too much tamoxifen?
If you suspect an overdose, contact emergency services
immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, dizziness, or signs of toxicity (e.g., confusion, extreme fatigue).
### What should I do if I miss a dose of tamoxifen?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s
close to your next scheduled dose. Do not double up on doses or take extra medicine to catch up.
If you’re unsure, consult your healthcare provider for guidance.
## You Might Also Like
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## Policies
– About
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My web page Why Take Steroids
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References:
physical effects of steriods (https://tintinger.org/jodiesters7820)
You may expertise an increased sense of vitality, allowing you to carry out higher in your athletic actions. The first week or two could witness the groundwork being laid for improved endurance and strength. Furthermore, the dosage consumption shouldn’t be erratic but rather consistent, taken on the same time every day. This approach helps to maintain a gentle quantity of Anavar within the bloodstream, guaranteeing the stable delivery of benefits. Mismanagement of dosage timing could disrupt the stability, leading to inconsistent outcomes.
Just remember to choose a authorized and safe alternative, and always do a PCT to assist your physique recuperate. Anavar can be taken with or without meals, however it’s usually beneficial to take it with a meal to assist minimize any potential abdomen discomfort. If you do decide to take Anavar on an empty abdomen, make certain to drink plenty of water to help stop any potential stomach upset. If you’re considering taking Anavar, it’s important to know the most effective time to take it, whether to take it with meals, and whether to inject or take it orally. This is extra likely to occur in individuals who already have hypertension or other cardiovascular issues. When planning your Anavar cycle, it is important to consider your targets and modify your dosage and cycle length accordingly.
Strength and physical performance can additionally be notably improved; without having to –theoretically- worry about experiencing critical unwanted effects. Whereas men won’t really see many benefits, whereas using it throughout a bulk – the alternative could be stated for ladies. ATP is called the “energy currency of the cell.” It’s what offers your muscular tissues the vitality they need to contract and develop.
That won’t occur with Anavar, which is why many will call it a weak drug or a fable. Just be patient and consistent and you will see some superb outcomes even if not rapidly, but in a long run, you’ll certainly do. The effect of Anavar is strict of an anabolic nature; therefore the muscle grown because of the drug has a really strong and long-lasting impact.
These stories encourage us to problem ourselves and pursue our health ambitions with steadfast dedication. Nonetheless, it’s important to use Anavar with caution, recognizing the potential risks concerned. Let these unbelievable transformations remind us that with dedication and the best mindset, we can embark on our own journeys of change, exceed our expectations, and unlock our true potential. Protein is important for constructing and preserving muscle throughout your Anavar cycle. Incorporate high-quality protein sources corresponding to fish,lean meats, legumes, eggs, and dairy products. These meals provide the essential amino acids needed for muscle restoration and progress.
Nonetheless, clenbuterol just isn’t an anabolic steroid; therefore, we do not see it have an result on pure testosterone ranges to any significant diploma. In summary, a 4-week Anavar cycle may prove useful for feminine athletes in search of to amplify their efficiency inside a comparatively brief period. Though not as defined, the changes acquired during this timeframe can range from improved strength and endurance to a slight increase in lean muscle growth.
If on an acceptable Oxandrolone dose, you’ll find a way to maintain a moderate testosterone degree, then good, however many usually are not, which suggests this principle and protocol is counterproductive. There are better choices on the market which may be legal and don’t come with any loopy unwanted facet effects. As you’ll find a way to see the dosage of Primobolan (methenolone acetate) for girls is dependent upon whether they are in their newbie, intermediate or advanced stage within the game. Many ladies report a rise in sex drive when taking Primobolan, which can be a nice profit for those with low libido. For these reasons, Primobolan is also recognized as the “girl’s steroid.” Simply as Anavar works for ladies. The factor is – the younger a drug is, the less unwanted effects it normally has, and Primobolan is no completely different.
To summarize, post-cycle therapy is essential for safely and effectively using Anavar. Customers can scale back unwanted facet effects and keep wholesome by restoring hormone ranges naturally. When you mix Anavar with other substances, it can make its effects stronger and help you achieve much more. Nonetheless, it’s necessary to note that stacking medication also can improve the chance of unwanted aspect effects.
Doses of these compounds will all vary, however it’s strongly really helpful to begin out with the lowest attainable dose and only increase if you’re not seeing the desired outcomes. Along with the cycles mentioned above, it’s also frequent to see steroids used in different methods, such as for therapeutic reasons. Older customers will are probably to go for the 150mg and even 200mg per week range.
Consistency in dosage timing and respecting the body’s want for a breather earlier than the subsequent cycle are essential points to note in order to undertake a responsible approach towards utilizing Anavar. Adherence to those recommendations encourages optimum health results while minimizing well being dangers. Understanding the distinctive physiology of the feminine body, it turns into imperative to grasp the science behind Anavar usage among girls. This steroid cycle, regardless of being mild, must be handled responsibly as a outcome of its capability to deliver forth important physical enhancement. It accommodates amino acids, herbs, and pure proteins that enhance protein synthesis in the body for muscle building and repair. Furthermore, provided that Anvarol incorporates no harmful chemicals or artificial fillers, it’s certainly a safer option to consider without compromising on the benefits.
Not solely will this assist them maintain muscle mass however may even assist them to really feel extra energetic and restore a younger way of life. Your age will have a massive effect on the dose of Testosterone that is used throughout a TRT cycle. Youthful customers may get away with a lower dose, nearer to the 100mg vary. This is as a result of your body shall be extra efficient with the way it makes use of hormones when you’re youthful. This strategic strategy ensures that both compounds are used concurrently for simply four weeks, minimizing potential unwanted effects.
Some people won’t experience any unfavorable effects at all when using HGH. Extra critical side effects are likely to happen at very excessive doses or when HGH is used frequently for years, and this is to be prevented. HGH can present that additional push-through; the outcomes will converse for themselves. An Anavar dose of 80mg daily and T3 at 75mcg every day will serve the pre-contest consumer extremely nicely in obtaining a hardened, very lean physique with minimal body fats by the tip of the cycle. You can expertise these restoration benefits even at lower doses because one of the core features of HGH is to build, repair, and preserve muscle. Repairing muscle after train harm or harm is achievable amazingly well by HGH, past what we see with anabolic steroids. If a woman is still seeing results after six months, she shall be ready to then enhance the dosage to six mg per day.
References:
https://infopregos.com/companies/anavar-water-retention/
With its fat loss potency and ability to extend pink blood cell manufacturing, Stanozolol ensures you possibly can work out longer, more durable, and yield impressive results. Despite having totally different paths, each Winstrol and Anavar result in increased bodily effectivity. With Winstrol, customers may anticipate vital fat loss, improved energy usage, and enhanced muscle definition. In comparison, Anavar leans more towards sustainable power gains, elevated energy, and enhanced performance with out substantial weight features. Right Now, Anavar is primarily utilized by bodybuilders and athletes to reinforce their efficiency and improve their physique. It is taken into account a gentle steroid, which suggests it produces fewer unwanted aspect effects compared to different steroids.
The solely downside with Winstrol’s diuretic effects is that the muscle tissue can sometimes look depleted (due to less fluid held inside the muscle cell). Anavar is probably one of the hottest oral anabolic steroids which have ever been launched. Over the years anabolic steroids have been linked with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease. Subsequently, the effectiveness of these steroids may also vary depending on the user’s objectives, coaching regimen, and diet. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare skilled earlier than using either steroid to find out the suitable dosage and cycle length for your particular person wants and objectives. This can lead to increased muscle progress and power, in addition to improved power levels and overall performance. Scientific research have indicated that utilizing Anavar on the day by day doses of 20 mg and 40 mg can lead to a discount in testosterone levels by approximately 45% in sufferers with HIV.
Nevertheless, we see novices generally gaining pounds of muscle mass and 7 pounds of fat loss from a 4- to 6-week cycle. These numbers show their muscle-building potential, with Anavar main. It’s important to know each’s effect on muscle mass retention and power development. Anabolic steroids are identified for constructing muscle whereas maintaining unwanted side effects low. Among these, Anavar (oxandrolone) and Winstrol (stanozolol) stand out. Though both goal to enhance athletic efficiency, they’re distinctive in their makes use of and results.
However maybe even more powerful is that this steroid’s ability that will help you get more out of other steroids you’re utilizing. For this cause, Tbol ought to be critically considered as an addition to a cycle for any steroid person regardless of goal. In conclusion, the choice between Anavar and Winstrol hinges on individual objectives, tolerance to unwanted effects, and risk elements. Consulting with a healthcare professional or qualified health advisor is paramount to devising a tailor-made approach that aligns with one’s goals and mitigates potential dangers.
Anavar, also referred to as Oxandrolone, is famend for its versatility and mild nature. It belongs to the category of anabolic steroids and is usually favored by each male and four week anavar earlier than and after feminine female athletes. It is nicely known for its capacity to advertise lean muscle features, enhance power, and improve general athletic efficiency. It presents exceptional muscle-building capabilities, immense power features, and improved endurance. It is particularly favored by skilled bodybuilders and athletes who want vital results.
These are just some of the various safe and legal steroids out there on the market at present. Not only do they help me achieve muscle and strength, however in addition they helped me and my spouse minimize fat and enhance our total athletic efficiency. For Anavar, some users might begin to see results inside a number of weeks of starting a cycle, notably if they are using it to improve their athletic efficiency or to assist a chopping part. Nevertheless, it might take several weeks and even months to see significant modifications in muscle mass or body composition. Loopy Bulk manufacture a ‘legal steroid’ referred to as Anvarol which is designed for these looking to burn fats and get ripped. Anvarol, like anavar, can also be appropriate for girls to use; especially if they’re wanting to shed pounds and enhance muscle tone with none negative unwanted side effects.
Often, fitness fanatics find themselves debating between Anavar and Winstrol, two of the most popular anabolic steroids. Anavar is known for its ability to promote lean muscle mass and energy, whereas sustaining a low physique fat share. It can be praised for its minimal water retention, resulting in a dry and vascular look. • It does not aromatize – being a weak steroid given its androgenic score, Anavar does not aromatize, and it is a large plus for men looking to go massive. It merely signifies that the steroid cannot be transformed into Estrogen once it gets into the body.
This drug is also referred to as Stanozolol, and it’s an artificial anabolic steroid that was first developed within the Sixties. Winstrol is classified as a Schedule III managed substance within the Usa, and it’s primarily utilized by athletes and bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and enhance their bodily efficiency. In conclusion, the comparison between Winstrol and Anavar reveals nuanced variations that cater to various fitness objectives and preferences. Winstrol, recognized for its capability to stimulate lean muscle development and improve total strength, appeals to people seeking rapid positive aspects in physical efficiency and athletic prowess. Anavar works by increasing protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in the muscles, leading to elevated muscle mass and strength.
So, whereas Tbol is comparatively safe to use, it should be accomplished at sensible doses and with strict attention paid to levels of cholesterol all through your cycle. Tbol provides a fantastic kickstart to a fundamental however highly effective testosterone blast cycle using a slower ester of testosterone like Enanthate or Cypionate. Tbol’s position on this cycle is to advertise power features and a few muscle positive aspects early on, while testosterone kicks in several weeks into the cycle. Modify your testosterone dose in accordance with your preferences and targets. Tbol, then again, does work very properly in chopping cycles (no water retention, remember?).
Previously, we cited a research that acknowledged men taking 20 mg a day for 12 weeks skilled a 45% decrease in testosterone ranges. This was an extreme cycle period, with a regular cycle length of 6–8 weeks for males. From this study, we can conclude that natural testosterone production is prone to remain pretty high if a average dose or cycle is carried out. This is a singular effect compared to other anabolic steroids, which generally lower subcutaneous fat whereas increasing visceral fat (5).
References:
https://www.intoukjobs.com/employer/anavar-cycle-dosage/