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Hàng nghìn que thử HIV, viêm gan B bị cắt đôi trước khi tiến hành xét nghiệm

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Là bệnh viện hạng nhất của thuộc sở Y tế Hà Nội, mỗi ngày, bệnh viện Xanh Pôn có hàng trăm lượt bệnh nhân từ khắp nơi đến khám và điều trị bệnh, trong đó, không ít trường hợp thực hiện các xét nghiệm miễn dịch phổ biến như HIV và viêm gan B.

Để test nhanh HIV với viêm gan B, bệnh nhân được y tá lấy mẫu máu để làm xét nghiệm. Khi đã có mẫu máu của khoảng vài chục bệnh nhân, một nhân viên y tế sẽ mang từ phòng lấy mẫu sang khu xét nghiệm tại tầng 2 nhà A3 để tiến hành phân tích.

Giống như các phòng xét nghiệm trên cả nước, Khoa Vi sinh của bệnh viện Xanh Pôn cũng sử dụng bộ dụng cụ xét nghiệm nhanh HIV và viêm gan B do Nhật Bản sản xuất. Tuy nhiên, quy trình thao tác của những kỹ thuật viên tại đây lại khác hẳn hướng dẫn sử dụng.

Sau khi bóc lớp giấy bảo vệ ra khỏi que thử, nhân viên dùng kéo cắt que thử ra làm đôi, vệt kéo cắt vào giữa vị trí của vạch hóa chất xét nghiệm. Với thao tác này, 1 que thử dành cho 1 bệnh nhân đã được tách làm 2.

Hàng nghìn que thử HIV, viêm gan B bị cắt đôi trước khi tiến hành xét nghiệm - Ảnh 1.

Quan sát kỹ có thể thấy, que thử của nhà sản xuất vạch hóa chất ở chính giữa còn que sau khi bị nhân viên y tế cắt thì vạch hóa chất lại ở mép ngoài. Vì bị cắt nhỏ nên không đủ diện tích để viết mã số bệnh nhân theo chiều ngang que thử như quy định của nhà sản xuất mà phải viết theo chiều dọc. Sau khi phù phép nhân đôi hàng loạt que thử cả HIV và viêm gan B, mẫu máu của bệnh nhân được nhỏ vào để làm xét nghiệm. Khoảng 4 tiếng sau, kết quả xét nghiệm đã được trả cho bệnh nhân.

Với phương pháp xét nghiệm này, mỗi ngày có hàng chục bệnh nhân ra về với kết quả trên tay mà không hề biết rằng chỉ có một nửa số vật tư y tế được sử dụng để các kỹ thuật viên làm xét nghiệm, trong khi đó, số tiền xét nghiệm lại vẫn phải đóng đủ theo quy định. Theo các chuyên gia đầu ngành trong lĩnh vực hóa sinh, đây là hành vi không thể chấp nhận được bởi hoàn toàn có thể làm sai lệch kết quả xét nghiệm của người bệnh.

Hàng nghìn que thử HIV, viêm gan B bị cắt đôi trước khi tiến hành xét nghiệm - Ảnh 2.
Hàng nghìn que thử HIV, viêm gan B bị cắt đôi trước khi tiến hành xét nghiệm - Ảnh 3.

Theo ghi nhận tại Phòng Xét nghiệm miễn dịch của Khoa Vi sinh, ngày nào cũng diễn ra cảnh cắt đôi que thử. Tất cả các kỹ thuật viên làm việc trong phòng căn phòng này đều có hành vi cắt que thử và tiến hành làm xét nghiệm HIV và viêm gan B cho bệnh nhân trên những que đã bị cắt đôi. Với phương pháp này, nếu không may một bệnh nhân HIV bị chẩn đoán nhầm thành âm tính, hậu quả không biết sẽ ra sao.

Quy trình xét nghiệm nhanh HIV và viêm gan B

Theo quy trình chuẩn xét nghiệm nhanh HIV và viêm gan B, sau khi lấy que thử ra khỏi bao đựng, kỹ thuật viên sẽ viết mã số bệnh nhân, tương tự mã số trên ống đựng mẫu máu vào phần để trống ở chiều ngang que thử. Tiếp đó, bóc lớp vỏ bảo vệ phía ngoài để lộ ra vạch hóa chất. Kỹ thuật viên lấy mẫu máu của bệnh nhân nhỏ vào phần dưới của vạch hóa chất này. Cả 2 phương pháp xét nghiệm nhanh HIV và viêm gan B đều thực hiện quy trình giống nhau và không có bất cứ bước nào phải sử dụng đến kéo. Sau 15 phút, kết quả sẽ hiển thị trên vạch hóa chất. Nếu xuất hiện 1 vạch đỏ nghĩa là bệnh nhân âm tính với viêm gan B và HIV, 2 vạch đỏ là dương tính.

Quy trình chuẩn như vậy, tuy nhiên, phòng xét nghiệm miễn dịch là nơi chỉ có những kỹ thuật viên mới được phép vào, chính vì thế nên sự việc gian dối trong xét nghiệm tại Khoa Vi sinh, bệnh viện Xanh Pôn đã được giấu kín suốt một thời gian dài mà không ai phát hiện ra.

Kỹ thuật viên thừa nhận làm sai quy trình

Sau khi đã thu thập đủ bằng chứng về việc cắt đôi que thử trong quy trình xét nghiệm HIV và viêm gan B tại Phòng Xét nghiệm miễn dịch, phóng viên đã gặp riêng một trong số các kỹ thuật viên thường xuyên thực hiện hành vi này. Sau khi theo dõi những hình ảnh được ghi lại tại phòng xét nghiệm, nhân viên này đã thừa nhận việc cắt que thử là sai quy trình.

Hàng nghìn que thử HIV, viêm gan B bị cắt đôi trước khi tiến hành xét nghiệm - Ảnh 4.

Nhân viên này cũng khẳng định, chỉ làm theo hướng dẫn mà không được hưởng bất cứ lợi ích gì từ việc cắt đôi que thử. Nếu làm theo phương pháp này, cứ 2 bệnh nhân xét nghiệm thì sẽ dư ra 1 que thử mới. Trung bình một ngày, hàng trăm bệnh nhân thực hiện xét nghiệm HIV và viêm gan B thì số lượng que thử dư ra là không hề nhỏ.

Theo giá thị trường, một bộ kit xét nghiệm HIV gồm 100 que thử có giá là 3 triệu đồng. Suốt một thời gian dài, những que thử dư ra này bị mang đi đâu vẫn là câu hỏi chưa có lời giải. Quan trọng hơn, kết quả xét nghiệm của bệnh nhân rất có thể không đảm bảo chính xác khi được phân tích trên những que thử như thế này.

Gian lận trong phương pháp xét nghiệm miễn dịch bán tự động

Không chỉ gian lận trong phương pháp test nhanh HIV và viêm gan B mà một phương pháp phức tạp hơn, nhằm đem lại kết quả chính xác hơn cho bệnh nhân là xét nghiệm miễn dịch bán tự động (ELISA) cũng được các kỹ thuật viên tại phòng miễn dịch làm theo cách riêng là trộn nhiều mẫu máu của bệnh nhân làm một rồi mới tiến hành xét nghiệm.

Giống như tất cả những phương pháp khác, xét nghiệm miễn dịch bán tự động HIV và viêm gan B cũng yêu cầu mỗi mẫu máu của bệnh nhân sử dụng riêng một dụng cụ xét nghiệm. Thế nhưng ,trong phòng thí nghiệm này, 4 mẫu máu của 4 bệnh nhân khác nhau lại được kỹ thuật viên trộn chung vào trong một ống nghiệm thủy tinh.

Hàng nghìn que thử HIV, viêm gan B bị cắt đôi trước khi tiến hành xét nghiệm - Ảnh 5.

4 mẫu máu sau khi trộn được kỹ thuật viên hút ra, cho vào từng giếng chứa hóa chất. Nguyên tắc là 1 giếng chứa 1 mẫu máu, nhưng ở đây, 1 giếng chứa 4 mẫu. Những giếng này sau đó được ủ trong máy và sẽ cho ra kết quả âm tính hay dương tính. Theo kỹ thuật viên, nếu kết quả âm tính sẽ là kết quả chung cho cả 4 bệnh nhân, còn nếu dương tính sẽ yêu cầu cả 4 bệnh nhân xét nghiệm lại.

Hàng nghìn que thử HIV, viêm gan B bị cắt đôi trước khi tiến hành xét nghiệm - Ảnh 6.

Với số lượng mẫu máu quá nhiều được cho vào xét nghiệm trong một giếng hóa chất theo tiêu chuẩn, theo bà Nguyễn Thị Hà – nguyên giảng viên cao cấp bộ môn Hóa Sinh thuộc Đại học y Hà Nội, không thể có được kết quả xét nghiệm chính xác nếu làm theo phương pháp này.

Thế nhưng không hiểu vì lý do gì, phương pháp xét nghiệm chung mẫu máu của các bệnh nhân vẫn được thực hiện suốt thời gian dài. Một bộ kit xét nghiệm bán tự động ELISA có 96 giếng, tương ứng với khoảng gần 400 bệnh nhân được xét nghiệm mà không ai dám chắc kết quả có chính xác hay không.

* Mời quý độc giả theo dõi các chương trình đã phát sóng của Đài Truyền hình Việt Nam trên TV Online!

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  78. After I originally left a comment I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now whenever a comment is added I recieve 4 emails with the same comment. There has to be a way you can remove me from that service? Appreciate it.

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